Laying the groundwork for the best mortgage

With mortgage rates having doubled what they were in early 2022, getting the lowest rate possible could mean the difference in being able to buy a home or at the very least, makes it much more affordable.  Some people are waiting for rates to come down and while they are expected to come down some this year, most experts agree that they'll never return to the three or even four percent range. 

There are things that a buyer can do to be eligible for the best rate available.  Obtaining the most favorable terms is based on the loan-to-value, your credit rating, and your ability to repay the mortgage.

While lenders can impose their own underwriting criteria, the basic qualifying guidelines are identified as the 4 Cs:

• Capital - money and savings, plus other investments providing for down payment, closing costs, and reserves for unexpected expenses in the future.  It could also include gifts from family members, grants, and down payment assistance.
• Capacity - ability to pay back the loan.  Lenders look at income, job stability, savings, monthly debt payments, and other obligations to approve a borrower for a mortgage.  They'll ask for several years of tax returns, W2s, and current pay stubs.  Self-employed borrowers require additional documentation.  Some of the recurring debt can include car payments, student loans, credit card payments, personal loans, child support, alimony, and other debts which could include co-signing for another's debt.
• Credit - your credit history and score exhibit your experience for paying bills and debts on time.  While there are minimum credit scores for different types of mortgages, the best rates are only available to borrowers with the best credit scores.  Credit ratings are established over time and borrowers need to improve their scores before they need to use them.
• Collateral ... lenders look to the value of the home and other possessions when pledged as security for the loan.

Based on the Ability-To-Repay Rule, effective 1/10/2014, financial information must be supplied and verified; borrower must have sufficient assets or income to pay back the loan; and, teaser rates can no longer hide a mortgage's true cost.  Even after a lender gives a loan approval to a borrower, they will generally run additional verifications a few days prior to the closing to make sure that nothing has changed that would affect their underwriting decision.

The financial preparation for homebuyers begins long before they start looking at homes.  They need to be aware of their credit by asking for copies of their credit reports from the three major reporting agencies: Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax. Congress mandated consumers be provided this free service through AnnualCreditReport.com.  Other websites may offer free services, but their real objective may be to encourage you to purchase additional services.

Once you've received the credit reports, read them to discover errors that could negatively affect your credit score.  The website will tell you the process of correcting the errors which includes notifying both the credit bureau and the reporting party of the error.

Most borrowers understand that payment history is the major contributor to a credit score; it is expected of borrowers to pay on time and as agreed.  Sometimes, borrowers are surprised to find out that if their borrowing approaches their available credit that it could actually hurt their score.

The credit utilization ratio is the percentage of credit used to that which is available.  If you had $10,000 credit available and your balance of a credit card was $2,500, the ratio would be 25%.  Ideally, lenders want your credit utilization to be below 25%.  Again, this could be one of the things you work on before you meet with a mortgage officer.

Once you have an accurate credit report and have saved for the down payment and closing costs, you're ready to meet with a trusted mortgage professional who can take you through the process of preapproval.  They may be able to suggest things you can do to raise your credit score to be eligible for a lower mortgage rate.

All lenders are not the same and there is a significant difference with the online lenders who have limited counselling advice and working with a local mortgage officer you can discuss face-to-face what your situation is and if it can be improved.  

You may feel comfortable with more than one recommendation and your agent will be able to supply you with lenders who they are familiar with from their experience in situations like yours.

Handling an Appraisal Gap

An appraisal gap describes the difference between the sales price and the lower amount of the appraisal required by the mortgage being obtained by the buyer.  It becomes an issue if the seller is not willing to lower the price or the buyer is not willing to pay the difference in cash.

Looking at the issue from the seller's perspective, "if the buyer wants my home and he can't get the loan he wants, he'll have to make up the difference in cash."  The buyer might have a different view like "If an independent appraiser can't justify the price, I'm not going to pay more than appraised value."

1. Pay the difference in the appraised value and the purchase price in cash. 
   Solution - Assuming the buyer has adequate cash reserves and is willing to pay above appraised value, this will satisfy the lender.
2. Decrease your down payment percentage to apply toward the appraisal gap.  It may trigger mortgage insurance which will increase your payment.
   Example:
   $400,000 Sales Price with 20% down payment of $80,000; Home appraises for $390,000
   Possible solution ... buyer could take $10,000 of the $80,000 he was going to use for the down payment and make up the gap.  That only leaves him $70,000 which is a good downpayment for this size home, but it may require that he pay mortgage insurance because the loan-to-value is more than 80%.
3. Renegotiate the contract with the seller.  Assuming both parties are willing to negotiate on the terms, the seller could lower the price to the appraised value, or any other number of possibilities.
4. Include an appraisal gap clause - "Buyer and seller agree that if the appraised value comes in lower than the purchase price, buyer agrees to pay up to $XX,000 above appraised value, but not exceeding the purchase price."
   
   An appraisal gap clause addresses what the buyer is willing to do within the parameters included.  It provides limited comfort to both the seller and buyer to address the issue of the home appraising for a lower amount than necessary.  This clause provides a way for the buyer to compete in a seller's market.
5. Terminate the contract.

Appraisals can be a confusing but necessary part of the process when the buyer needs a mortgage.  I'm available to answer any questions and share our experience with you. Our goal is to be your source of real estate information.

Make your home offer the most appealing

Sales in March 2023 were down 2.4% month over month and still down 22.0% year over year according to the NAR Housing Snapshot.  The median sales price dipped 0.9% to $375,700 and there are 2.6 months supply of homes on the market compared to 2 months a year ago.

"Inventory levels are still at historic lows, and consequently, multiple offers are returning on 28% of properties." According to Lawrence Yun, Chief Economist for the National Association of REALTORS�.

It is still important to have a strategy for potentially competing with other buyers on the house you want to buy.  The plan should include several available provisions and options, so that at the time of drafting the sales offer, you can consider exactly what to include based on the situation.

Unless a person is paying cash, you need to be pre-approved by a trusted mortgage professional long before you start looking at homes.  Include the written pre-approval letter along with the offer.  When you are making an offer on a home, have the mortgage professional available to reassure the listing agent by phone who will convey assurance to the seller.

If you're concerned about multiple offers, make your best offer first because you may not get to counter and simply lose out to another buyer.  Starting with a low offer and gradually coming up doesn't work in highly competitive situations.  In some cases, a low-ball offer could cast a pall on any consideration of your purchase contract altogether.

The listing agent will calculate the expenses on the different offers for the seller to show them what their net proceeds will be on each contract.  Some types of financing have more costs incurred to the seller.  Asking the seller to make repairs or other financial concessions could lower their net even though your offer may be higher.

From a buyer's standpoint, contingencies provide options for things that may be uncertain like qualifying for a mortgage, discovery of major impediments to the condition of the home, and other things.  To the seller, they are obstacles that may invalidate the contract causing the home to go back on the market.  If the contingencies are necessary, try to make them as palatable to the seller as possible.

Instead of waiving your rights to make inspections, consider a very short inspection period to minimize the time the property is in limbo.  Instead of asking for repairs, provide a simple "accept or reject" once the inspections have been made.

Try to accommodate the seller's desired closing and possession dates.  Sometimes an earlier date may be more desirable for a seller and other times, it might be a later date based on the home they'll be moving into.  Your agent can do some research and find a flexible alternative that may appeal to the seller.

Increase your earnest money deposit more than the minimum.  It is a pecuniary indication that you are serious.  Your agent can tell you what the amount should be and alternatives like increasing the earnest money after certain contingencies have been met.

Escalation clauses state that you are willing to increase your offer by a certain amount up to a specified maximum, subject to another bona fide offer being received before yours is accepted.  Your agent will be able to further explain how these might work in your situation as well as share their experience with them in other similar negotiations.

You as a buyer and your offer to purchase need to be seen as the solution to the seller's situation in price, terms, and reliability to close.  Working with an experienced agent with seasoned negotiation skills is key to your success in buying a home in a competitive environment. 

Protect yourself with a new construction inspection

Builders of new homes offer or are required to warrant their work for a specified period.  Municipal inspections are generally required during different stages to "ensure the life, health, safety, and welfare of the public" but even if something is missed, the ultimate responsibility for building to code belongs to the builder, even if the municipal inspector misses something.

There are four basic stages of residential construction including:

1. The foundation stage begins with excavation, footings, foundation walls or slab, waterproofing, backfill, compaction and underground rough plumbing and electricity.  Municipal inspections are done prior to pouring the foundation while items are visible.
2. The framing stage includes the wood or steel framing, exterior walls and roof sheathing, exterior trim and siding, windows, doors, and roofing.  Depending on the municipality, there could be inspections of the rough framing separate from the roofing. 
   Next in this stage comes rough plumbing including water, waste, and vent piping, rough electrical, rough mechanical, ductwork, wiring, and electrical panel installation.  Municipalities will usually inspect plumbing and electrical separately.
3. The wall insulation and drywall installation are done and inspected depending on the municipality before tape and texturing are done. 
4. The final stage of construction includes flooring, cabinets, millwork, countertops, tile, mirrors, electrical trim, plumbing trim, and mechanical.  Some builders will not install appliances and HVAC until the last stage to protect against theft.  Municipal inspections are made in the final electric, plumbing, and mechanical.

A "Final Inspection" is done after all the periodic inspections have been completed and passed.

Defects that manifest themselves during the warranty period are the responsibility of the builder.  Unfortunately, some things may go undetected until after the warranty expires leaving the repair expense as the sole burden of the buyer/owner.

A safeguard that the purchaser will not be out of pocket for repair expenses is a home warranty which shifts the liability to the warranty or service contract company.  This is a negotiable item that can be paid for by the builder or the buyer.  However, this warranty will have a time limit on it and to continue the coverage, the buyer/owner will have to renew it by paying the additional annual premium.

One more safeguard for the purchaser is to hire their own inspector, to conduct periodic inspections during the different phases of construction.  Unlike an inspection made on an existing home, the inspector will have to visit the site multiple times during the process.  For that reason, constructions inspections are more expensive.

When hiring an inspector for new construction, ask at what stages do they inspect.  A typical new construction inspection might be at the end of the foundation stage, another at the end of the framing and rough plumbing, electrical, and mechanical, and the final inspection after the home is completed.

A provision allowing a buyer to hire their own inspector for periodic inspections should be included in the sales contract.  Your agent can not only help you get that included but assist in negotiation of any issues that arise because of the periodic inspections.

If you value this extra level of protection in the purchase of a new home, it is important that you have your agent first accompany you to the models so they will be registered as your agent.

Higher Interest Rates May be the Help You Need

Like opening and closing a faucet increases and decreases the water flow, lowering interest rates increases home sales and raising interest rates decreases home sales.

When home sales increase during periods of limited inventory, demand increases and prices go up.  Contrarily, when home sales decrease, demand could lessen and prices moderate. 

There is opportunity with higher rates because it affects sales and demand, which in turn keeps prices in check.  By waiting for rates to come down, and no one knows by how much but certainly not to the 3-4% range, buyers' pent-up demand will affect the already low supply and cause prices to increase.

Let's look at a scenario where you could buy a home today for $400,000 with a 90% loan at 6.5% for 30-years with P&I payments of $2,275.44.  If interest rates drop to 5.5% in one year but in that same period, the price goes up by 10%, the price would be $440,000 with a 90% loan at 5.5% for 30-years with P&I payments of $2,248.44.

The payment would go down by $27 a month but the price would have risen by $40,000 which would be equity of twice the down payment for the person who purchased a year earlier with a higher rate.

 

Purchase Price	Mortgage	P& I Payment	Equity EOY1
$400,000	$360,000 @ 6.5%/30 yr	$2,275.44	$84,023
$440,000	$396,000 @ 5.5%/30 yr	$2,248.44	$44,000

 

The takeaway in this example is that a person may experience more loss from unrealized equity during periods of high appreciation than waiting for a nominal drop in the interest rate.  With rates being a deterrent to buyers that have led to sales slipping 22% year over year in March 2023, sellers may be willing to negotiate.

It seems counterintuitive but higher interest rates may be the help you need to buy a home.