Understanding the Differences in Level of Care

When working with a real estate agent, it's important to understand the level of responsibility they have toward you as their client. In almost all cases, when a seller lists their home with an agent, an agency relationship is formed, meaning the agent owes the seller a fiduciary duty - a high level of care and loyalty.

The same can apply to buyers when they enter into an agency agreement with their agent. However, some agents may work with buyers without an agency relationship, which means they are not required to act as fiduciaries.

Since each state determines its own agency laws, it's essential to know what kind of representation you're receiving.

Reasonable Care: The Basic Standard

At a minimum, all real estate agents must provide reasonable care, meaning they must perform their job competently and ethically. This includes:

• Providing accurate information about the market
• Assisting with paperwork and transaction details
• Meeting deadlines and following legal requirements

Agents working with buyers without an agency relationship are still required to follow state laws and act professionally but are not obligated to provide fiduciary-level loyalty, confidentiality, or full disclosure.

Example: A buyer is casually working with an agent who has not signed a formal agency agreement. The agent helps them view homes and answers questions but does not advise on negotiation strategies or disclose details about the seller's motivation. This is because, without an agency agreement, they are not required to act in the buyer's best interest.

Fiduciary Care: The Highest Level of Representation

When an agent has an agency relationship with a client, whether a seller or a buyer, they owe them fiduciary care - meaning they must act in their best interests at all times. This includes:

• Loyalty ... Prioritizing the client's interests above all else
• Full Disclosure ... Sharing all relevant information, even if it affects the agent's commission
• Confidentiality ... Keeping sensitive client details private
• Avoiding Conflicts of Interest ... Ensuring no actions benefit the agent at the client's expense

Example for Sellers: When a homeowner lists their property with an agent, that agent must act in the seller's best interests�pricing the home strategically, marketing it effectively, and negotiating the highest possible price.

Example for Buyers: A buyer who signs an agency agreement with an agent can expect full loyalty, negotiation strategies tailored to their best interests, and transparency about market conditions.

Why This Matters for Buyers and Sellers

In most instances, for sellers, an agency relationship is standard, ensuring full fiduciary protection from their listing agent.

For buyers, agency agreements secure a higher level of representation, ensuring their agent negotiates the best price, provides inside market knowledge, and advocates for them at every step. Without an agency agreement, buyers should not expect the same level of loyalty or disclosure.

Know Your Agency Relationship

Before working with an agent, ask:

• Will you act as my fiduciary agent or just provide reasonable care?
• What level of loyalty, disclosure, and confidentiality can I expect?
• What agreements are required in my state before we move forward?

Understanding the difference between reasonable care and fiduciary care ensures you make informed decisions when working with a real estate professional. If you're planning to buy or sell, let's discuss how I can represent your best interests every step of the way.

Real estate agency laws vary by state, and the level of care and representation you receive depends on the type of agency relationship established. Before entering into a written agreement, your agent can explain the specific duties they owe you, including whether they will provide fiduciary care or reasonable care based on your agreement. It is always recommended that buyers and sellers fully understand their agency relationship and the obligations it entails before proceeding with any real estate transaction.

If you have any questions about how agency representation works in your state, your real estate professional can provide guidance tailored to your situation.

The smart approach to online security

In today's digital world, protecting your online information is more important than ever. You likely have multiple accounts...email, banking, investments, and social media...all of which need strong, unique passwords. Trying to create and remember complex passwords for each site can be overwhelming. That's where a password manager comes in.

A password manager is a secure app that stores and generates strong, unique passwords for all your online accounts. Instead of struggling to remember dozens of complicated passwords, you only need to remember one master password.

Here's why using a password manager is one of the smartest security moves you can make:

1. Stronger Passwords - Password managers generate complex passwords using a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols. These are much harder to crack than passwords people typically create on their own. With a password manager, you won't have to worry about using weak or repetitive passwords.
2. Unique Passwords for Every Account - Using the same password across multiple sites is a major security risk�if one account is compromised, hackers could gain access to all your accounts. A password manager eliminates this risk by creating a different, strong password for each website or app you use.
3. Easy Access and Management - With a password manager, logging into your accounts is quick and hassle-free. Instead of typing in passwords or trying to reset them when you forget, the password manager automatically fills them in for you. This makes accessing important tools�like your CRM, email, and transaction software�both secure and convenient.
4. Secure Storage - Reputable password managers use strong encryption to protect your passwords. Even if the company storing them were to be hacked, your passwords remain encrypted and secure. This level of protection is far stronger than writing passwords in a notebook or saving them in a document on your computer.

Best Practices for Using a Password Manager - To maximize the security benefits of a password manager, keep these best practices in mind:

• Choose a trusted password manager ... Look for one with a strong track record of security, such as 1Password, LastPass, or Bitwarden.
• Protect your master password ... Since this is the key to all your other passwords, make sure it's long, unique, and never shared.
• Enable two-factor authentication (2FA) ... Whenever possible, add an extra layer of security by enabling 2FA for your password manager and other important accounts.

Stay Secure in the Digital Age

As a real estate professional, you handle sensitive client information daily. Using a password manager is an easy yet powerful way to keep your accounts secure and protect your business from cyber threats.

If you're fully embedded in Google's ecosystem and follow strong security practices, Google Password Manager is a convenient and secure option. However, if you need cross-platform flexibility, enhanced encryption controls, or additional security features, a dedicated password manager like 1Password or Bitwarden may be a better choice.

Taking this simple step will give you peace of mind, allowing you to focus on what matters most...helping your clients buy and sell homes with confidence.

Unlocking the Advantage of Assumable FHA & VA Loans

In today's high-interest-rate environment, homebuyers are looking for every possible advantage to secure an affordable mortgage. One often-overlooked opportunity is assuming an existing FHA or VA loan, especially those issued in the past few years when interest rates were at historic lows.

An assumable loan allows a qualified buyer to take over the seller's existing mortgage, including its remaining balance, interest rate, and repayment terms. FHA and VA loans are generally assumable, but buyers must meet the lender's qualification standards, just like they would for a new mortgage.

With interest rates currently much higher than they were just a few years ago, assuming a loan that carries a lower-than-market interest rate can be a game-changer for buyers. Here are some key advantages:

Lower Interest Rate = Lower Monthly Payments - If the seller's mortgage has an interest rate of 3% or 4%, assuming the loan means immediate savings compared to today's rates, which are often above 6% or 7%. A lower rate can translate into hundreds of dollars in savings each month.

Lower Closing Costs - Unlike taking out a new mortgage, assuming an existing loan typically comes with reduced lender fees and fewer closing costs, saving the buyer thousands at the closing table.

No Need for an Appraisal - Since the buyer is taking over an existing mortgage, there's often no need for a new appraisal, reducing both costs and potential delays in the transaction.

More of Your Payment Goes Toward Principal - Because the loan is further into its amortization schedule, a higher percentage of each payment goes toward paying down the principal rather than just interest, building equity faster.

One of the biggest hurdles with loan assumptions is that the seller's remaining loan balance may be significantly lower than the home's purchase price. This means the buyer must cover the difference between the sale price and the outstanding loan balance.

For example, a home is selling for $400,000 with the seller's assumable FHA loan balance is $300,000, the buyer needs to bridge the $100,000 gap between the sale price and the assumed loan.

If a buyer doesn't have enough cash to cover this gap, there are financing options:

• Second Lien Financing ... If the buyer puts down at least 10%, they may qualify for a second mortgage to cover the remaining difference. This could come from a conventional lender or even through owner financing.
• Home Equity Loans or HELOCs ... If the buyer can arrange temporary funding to close the assumption, they may be able to get a home equity loan or line of credit to fund the difference once the property is closed and in their name.

Navigating the Loan Assumption Process

While any FHA- or VA-approved lender can originate new loans, assumptions must be processed through the current loan servicer. Some lenders may not be familiar with the process and could discourage assumptions due to lower fees and longer processing times.

Buyers should be persistent if a lender is uncooperative, request to speak with someone who understands loan assumptions.  It is to a buyers' advantage to work with a knowledgeable agent who is experienced with assumptions and can help negotiate financing solutions and streamline the process.

If you're a buyer looking for lower payments in today's market, an FHA or VA loan assumption could be an excellent opportunity. While it requires careful planning to cover the price difference, the long-term savings from a lower interest rate can make a significant impact.

Thinking about assuming a loan or selling a home with an assumable mortgage? Let's discuss how this strategy could work for you!

Don't Let Capital Gains Tax Surprise You

If you've owned your home for a long time, chances are its value has increased�maybe even doubled, tripled, or more. But did you know that a law written in 1997 still limits the amount of capital gains tax exclusion, despite skyrocketing home prices?

Currently, homeowners can exclude up to $250,000 in gains if single or $500,000 if married filing jointly when selling their primary residence, as long as they've lived there for at least two of the last five years. But with today's home values, more sellers are finding themselves exceeding this exclusion and facing a significant tax bill.

More Homeowners Are Now Affected

In 2023, nearly 8% of home sales surpassed the $500,000 capital gains exclusion. However, in high-cost states like California (28.8%), Hawaii (23.8%), Washington, D.C. (22.1%), Massachusetts (17.9%), and Washington State (15.2%), the numbers were far higher, according to CoreLogic.

What Happens If You Exceed the Exclusion?

If a homeowner sells their home for more than the exclusion allows, the excess profit is subject to long-term capital gains tax rates of 15% to 20%, plus an additional 3.8% net investment income tax for high earners.

For example, if a married couple sells their home with $1 million in gains, they can exclude $500,000, but the remaining $500,000 is taxed at these rates. Depending on their income bracket, they could owe between $95,000 and $119,000 in taxes; an expense many homeowners don't anticipate.

How to Reduce Your Capital Gains Tax Liability

The key to minimizing capital gains tax is increasing your home's cost basis, which is done by tracking capital improvements made over the years. Many homeowners are aware that large-scale renovations count, but small-dollar upgrades also qualify and can add up significantly over time.

What qualifies as capital improvements:

• Kitchen and bathroom remodels
• New roofs, HVAC systems, and water heaters
• Adding a deck, patio, or additional living space
• Energy-efficient upgrades like new windows or solar panels
• Permanent landscaping enhancements, like retaining walls or irrigation systems

However, repairs and maintenance (like painting, fixing leaks, or replacing worn carpet) typically do not qualify unless they are part of a larger renovation.

The Importance of Tracking Expenses

To take advantage of these tax-saving opportunities, homeowners must document their improvements throughout their entire homeownership.

• Keep receipts for materials and labor
• Take before-and-after pictures of major renovations
• Save contractor invoices or permits for work done
• Maintain a running list of all home upgrades

Without proper records, homeowners could lose out on thousands in potential tax savings.

Stay Informed and Plan Ahead

The capital gains tax law may not have adjusted to today's market, but smart homeowners can take proactive steps to minimize their tax burden. If you're thinking about selling, now is the time to gather your records and consult with a tax professional to ensure you're maximizing your cost basis.

For more information, download IRS Publication 523 and our Homeowners Tax Guide for a detailed look at what qualifies.

If you have any questions about how today's home values impact your potential sale, feel free to reach out...I'm happy to help!

In Life, Only Death, Taxes, and Price Hikes Are Guaranteed

Benjamin Franklin famously stated that "in this world, nothing is certain except death and taxes." While his words still ring true, there's another unavoidable reality in modern life: rising costs. From groceries to energy bills, the cost of living continues to climb, and one of the biggest contributors to this is housing.

Housing has always been a major expense for individuals and families, but recent data highlights just how burdensome it can be. According to an article released in September 2024, renters spent a median of 31.0% of their income on housing costs, while homeowners with a mortgage spent 21.1%, and those without a mortgage spent just 11.5%. Despite this, 18.8 million homeowners were still dedicating more than 30% of their income to housing expenses, illustrating that affordability remains a challenge for many.

The long-term trends in housing costs are equally telling. According to the Federal Reserve Economic Data, rent increases have averaged 3.88% annually over the past 60 years, outpacing the average inflation rate of 3.7% during the same period. Meanwhile, the median home has appreciated at an average annual rate of 5.56%, showing that homeownership not only shields against rising rents but also builds wealth over time.

The financial benefits of homeownership extend far beyond escaping annual rent hikes. The latest Federal Reserve Board Survey of Consumer Finance reveals that median homeowners have 38 times the household wealth of renters. This wealth disparity underscores the power of owning a tangible asset like a home, which appreciates in value and provides stability in a world of ever-increasing costs.

While rising home prices and higher mortgage rates may deter some from entering the housing market, it's important to consider the long-term financial advantages of homeownership. Waiting on the sidelines, hoping for prices or rates to drop significantly, could mean missing out on years of equity growth and continued rent hikes.

A significant factor influencing today's housing decisions is mortgage rates. The historically low rates seen before the pandemic were an anomaly, not the norm. The 52-year Freddie Mac average for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages is 7.74%, which is much closer to the rates we're seeing today. For prospective buyers, accepting the current rates as the "new normal" is key to moving forward and securing the long-term benefits of homeownership.

While some individuals are genuinely priced out of the housing market, many are financially capable of purchasing a home but are hesitant due to uncertainty. However, delaying a purchase means continuing to pay rising rents and missing out on the wealth-building potential of owning a home. Even at current rates, the long-term advantages of homeownership�including equity growth, tax benefits, and protection against inflation�far outweigh the costs of waiting.

Death, taxes, and rising costs are life's unavoidable truths, but how you navigate them can shape your financial future. Housing represents one of the most significant expenses for individuals and choosing to own rather than rent can make a profound difference in wealth accumulation and financial security.

While mortgage rates and home prices may feel intimidating, they reflect a long-term norm rather than an exception. For those who can afford to buy now, stepping into the market could be the key to securing stability and wealth in an uncertain world. Don't let hesitation hold you back from building a solid foundation for your future. 

Download the Homeowners Tax Guide.